Efficacy of percutaneous short segment fixation in the treatment of Magerl A3 thoracolumbar fractures with low bone mineral density:a retrospective study / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical efficacy of percutaneous pedicle screw short segment internal fixation with or without the intermediate screw in the treatment of Magerl A3 thoracolumbar fractures with low bone mineral density.@*METHODS@#Patients with Magerl A3 thoracolumbar fracture underwent percutaneous pedicle screw short segment internal fixation from January 2017 to July 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, 93 cases met the diagnosis and inclusion criteria, 9 cases were excluded according to the exclusion criteria, and the remaining 84 cases obtained complete imaging follow-up data. There were 38 males and 46 females, the age ranged from 56 to 73 years old with an average of (64.78±7.12) years old, bone mineral density (BMD) ranged from 0.61 to 0.89 g/cm3 with an average of (0.73±0.14) g/cm3, the follow-up time was 11 to 25 months with an average of (17.58±6.12) months. There were 45 cases in group A with intermediate screw and 39 cases in group B without intermediate screw. The operation time and intraoperative blood loss were recorded, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were used for clinical evaluation. The Cobb angle, vertebral wedge angle (VWA) and anterior vertebral body height (AVBH) were measured by X-ray after the operation. The corrected loss of the above parameters was calculated.@*RESULTS@#There were 5 cases of screw loosening in 84 patients (2 cases in group A and 3 cases in group B, P>0.05). There were significant differences in operation time and intraoperative blood loss between two groups(P<0.01). Clinical effects of two groups were good, postoperative VAS and ODI after operation obviously improved, there was no significant difference between two groups during all follow-up periods (3 days, 1 month after operation and the final follow-up) (P>0.05). Three days after the operation, the image evaluations (Cobb angle, VWA and AVBH) were significantly improved (P<0.05), but significant reduction loss was observed in both groups at 1 month after the operation and at the final follow-up (P<0.05). At the final follow-up, the loss of Cobb angle, VWA and AVBH in group A were (5.26±4.18) °, (4.63±3.80) ° and (9.54±8.71)%, respectively;group B was (6.01±4.34) °, (6.55±6.21) ° and (11.67± 9.95)%, respectively;however, there was no significant difference in reduction loss between the two groups(P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Although the curative effect of the patients is satisfactory, the stability of the patients can not be improved by increasing the middle injured vertebra screw placement, the two groups of percutaneous short segment internal fixation can not resist the reduction loss of Magerl-A3 thoracolumbar fracture with low bone mineral density. Because the injured vertebra screw increases the operation time and intraoperative blood loss, it is not significant to use the intermediate screw for the elderly Magerl A3 thoracolumbar fractures with low bone mineral density.

Exploring the causal relationship between hip circumference and type 2 diabetes based on mendelian randomization / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To investigate the causal association between hip circumference (HC) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on Mendelian randomization. Methods The genetic variants data of the HC and T2DM from the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) and DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) database were matched according to the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rsID. Genetic loci strongly related to the HC were used as instrumental variables; and the inverse-variance weighting, MR-Egger regression model and weighting median method were carried out to analyze the causal effect of HC on T2DM. Results Fifty-two, nine and fifteen SNPs were matched in the total cohort, female cohort and male cohort, respectively. Heterogeneity test suggested the SNPs were homogeneous. We found HC to be positively associated with T2DM risk (OR=1.065, 95% CI: 1.030-1.100, OR=1.103, 95% CI: 1.057-1.150 and OR=1.583, 95% CI: 1.273-1.968, respectively) in above three cohorts, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed the results were robust. Conclusions There is a relationship between HC and T2DM of people, and HC may be the risk factor of T2DM.

Performance Evaluation of the CLIA and ECLIA for Anti-TP Screening in Blood Donors / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the performance of the chemiluminescence immune assay (CLIA) and the electro-chemiluminescence immuneoassay(ECLIA) for Treponemapallidum antibody（anti-TP） screening in blood donors.@*METHODS@#The sero-panel samples from NCCL were tested with ELISA, CLIA and ECLIA assays synchronously to evaluate their performances respectively.@*RESULTS@#The sensitivity and the negative predictive value of the CLIA were 100%, which were the same as one kind of ELISA, and better than the other ELISA; The specificity of the CLIA was 88.46%, the accuracy rate was 97.02%, the positive predictive value was 96.13%, which were higher than both ELISA. Due to the significant interference of sample heat inactivation in ECLIA detection, the result can not demonstrate the true performance of ECLIA in this study. The preliminary result was as follows: the sensitivity was 98.93%, the negative predictive value was 96.75%, and the accuracy rate, specificity and positive predictive value of ECLIA were 97.02%, 91.54% and 97.10% respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with ELISA, the CLIA has higher sensitivity and specificity and can be used for Treponemal antibody screening in blood bank. Unfortunately, the data in this study cannot come to a conclusion for ECLIA and needs more testing.

Behavioral Abnormality along with NMDAR-related CREB Suppression in Rat Hippocampus after Shortwave Exposure / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To estimate the detrimental effects of shortwave exposure on rat hippocampal structure and function and explore the underlying mechanisms.@*METHODS@#One hundred Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (25 rats per group) and exposed to 27 MHz continuous shortwave at a power density of 5, 10, or 30 mW/cm2 for 6 min once only or underwent sham exposure for the control. The spatial learning and memory, electroencephalogram (EEG), hippocampal structure and Nissl bodies were analysed. Furthermore, the expressions of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits (NR1, NR2A, and NR2B), cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB) and phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) in hippocampal tissue were analysed on 1, 7, and 14 days after exposure.@*RESULTS@#The rats in the 10 and 30 mW/cm2 groups had poor learning and memory, disrupted EEG oscillations, and injured hippocampal structures, including hippocampal neurons degeneration, mitochondria cavitation and blood capillaries swelling. The Nissl body content was also reduced in the exposure groups. Moreover, the hippocampal tissue in the 30 mW/cm2 group had increased expressions of NR2A and NR2B and decreased levels of CREB and p-CREB.@*CONCLUSION@#Shortwave exposure (27 MHz, with an average power density of 10 and 30 mW/cm2) impaired rats' spatial learning and memory and caused a series of dose-dependent pathophysiological changes. Moreover, NMDAR-related CREB pathway suppression might be involved in shortwave-induced structural and functional impairments in the rat hippocampus.

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium species in sheep and goats in Anhui Province and neighboring provinces / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence and molecular features of Cryptosporidium in sheep and goats from Anhui Province and neighboring provinces. Methods A total 832 and 781 fresh fecal samples were collected from seven large-scale sheep farms and ten large-scale goat farms in Anhui Province and neighboring provinces of Henan, Jiangsu and Shandong. The prevalence and species of Cryptosporidium were investigated in the fecal samples from the sheep and goats in the study areas using nested PCR assay based on the Cryptosporidium-specific SSU rDNA gene, and the subgenotypes of C. parvum and C. ubiquitum were characterized by amplification and sequencing of the 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene. Results The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium was 5.8% (48/832) in sheep and 8.7% (68/781) in goats in Anhui Province and neighboring provinces, respectively. The SSU rDNA gene-based PCR assay identified C. xiaoi and C. ubiquitum in sheep and C. parvum in goats, and subtyping revealed that all C. ubiquitum subgenotypes belonged to XIIa subtype 2 and C. parvum subgenotypes belonged to IIdA19G1. Conclusion The identification of zoonotic C. ubiquitum XIIa subtype 2 and C. parvum subtype IIdA19G1 suggests that sheep and goats may serve as a potential source for human Cryptosporidium infections.

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium species in sheep and goats in Anhui Province and neighboring provinces / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence and molecular features of Cryptosporidium in sheep and goats from Anhui Province and neighboring provinces. Methods A total 832 and 781 fresh fecal samples were collected from seven large-scale sheep farms and ten large-scale goat farms in Anhui Province and neighboring provinces of Henan, Jiangsu and Shandong. The prevalence and species of Cryptosporidium were investigated in the fecal samples from the sheep and goats in the study areas using nested PCR assay based on the Cryptosporidium-specific SSU rDNA gene, and the subgenotypes of C. parvum and C. ubiquitum were characterized by amplification and sequencing of the 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene. Results The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium was 5.8% (48/832) in sheep and 8.7% (68/781) in goats in Anhui Province and neighboring provinces, respectively. The SSU rDNA gene-based PCR assay identified C. xiaoi and C. ubiquitum in sheep and C. parvum in goats, and subtyping revealed that all C. ubiquitum subgenotypes belonged to XIIa subtype 2 and C. parvum subgenotypes belonged to IIdA19G1. Conclusion The identification of zoonotic C. ubiquitum XIIa subtype 2 and C. parvum subtype IIdA19G1 suggests that sheep and goats may serve as a potential source for human Cryptosporidium infections.

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. infections in large - scale pig farms in north of Yangtze River in Anhui Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

To characterize the prevalence and species/genotypes of Cryptosporidium spp. in farmed pigs in the north of the Yangtze River in Anhui Province.A total of 500 samples of pig feces were obtained from seven largescale pig farms in the north of the Yangtze River in Anhui Province. PCR and sequences analysis of the small subunit rDNA gene were used to detect and identify the Cryptosporidium species/genotypes.The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium was 4.8% (24/500). Additionally, Cryptosporidium prevalence was 40.0% in Qianshan and 6.3% in Chuzhou, respectively. No Cryptosporidium infection was found in other sampling areas. The DNA sequence analysis of the SSUrDNA gene revealed that all of the isolates represented C. scrofarum. The Cryptosporidium infection rate (9.1%) of pigs (> 60 days) was significantly higher than the rates of both pigs (< 30 days) and pigs (30–60 days) (both P < 0.01).C. scrofarum in the farmed pigs in the north of the Yangtze River in Anhui Province may be a source of Cryptosporidium infection and pose a potential public health threat to humans and other animals, and therefore, the status should be paid more attention to.

Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Intestinal Trichomonads in Pet Dogs in East China

The trichomonad species Tritrichomonas foetus and Pentatrichomonas hominis were recently detected in the feces of dogs with diarrhea. However, little information is available on the prevalence and pathogenicity of these parasites in the canine population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and molecular characterization of trichomonads infecting pet dogs in Anhui and Zhejiang provinces, east China. In total, 315 pet dogs, with or without diarrhea, from 7 pet hospitals were included in this epidemiological survey. Microscopy and PCR detected P. hominis in 19.7% (62/315) and 31.4% (99/315) of fecal samples, respectively. T. foetus infection was detected in 0% (0/315) of samples with microscopy and in 0.6% (2/315) with PCR. The prevalence of P. hominis was significantly higher in young dogs (≤12 months) than in adult dogs (>12 months), and was significantly higher in diarrheic dogs (50.6%) than in non-diarrheic dogs (24.3%; P<0.05). Infection with T. foetus did not correlate with any risk factors evaluated in this study. A sequence analysis of the P. hominis PCR products showed minor allelic variations between our sequences and those of P. hominis strains from other hosts in different parts of the world. Type CC1 was the most common strain in dogs in east China. The internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1)-5.8S rRNA gene sequences from the 2 T. foetus isolates detected in this study displayed 100% identity and were homologous to the sequences of other strains isolated from domestic cats in other countries.

Phylogenetic and Molecular Analysis of an H7N7 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated in East Dongting Lake in 2012 / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In March 2012, an H7N7 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) named A/wild goose/Dongting/PC0360/2012 (H7N7) (DT/PC0360) was recovered from a wild goose in East Dongting Lake. We performed whole-genome sequencing of the isolate, and analyzed the phylogenetic and molecular characterization.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>RNA was extracted from environment samples (including fecal samples from wild bird or domestic ducks, and water samples) for detecting the presence of Influenza A Virus targeting Matrix gene, using realtime RT-PCR assay. The positive samples were performed virus isolation with embryonated eggs. The subtype of the isolates were identified by RT-PCR assay with the H1-H16 and N1-N9 primer set. The whole-genome sequencing of isolates were performed. Phylogenetic and molecular characterizations of the eight genes of the isolates were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Our results suggested that all the eight gene segments of DT/PC0360 belonged to the Eurasian gene pool, and the HA gene were belonged to distinct sublineage with H7N9 AIV which caused outbreaks in Mainland China in 2013. The hemagglutinin cleavage site of HA of DT/PC0360 showed characterization of low pathogenic avian influenza virus.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Strengthening the surveillance of AIVs of wild waterfowl and poultry in this region is vital for our knowledge of the ecology and mechanism of transmission to prevent an influenza pandemic.</p>

Virological surveillance of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus and its genetic characteristics in Hunan Province, 2009-2011 / 病毒学报

To understand and master the dynamic variation of the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in Hunan province from 2009 to 2011, and to know the genetic characteristics and drug resistance of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 viruses. Throat swab specimens of influenza-like illness patients were collected from sentinel hospitals and tested for influenza by fluorescent PCR or virus isolation methods. Partial isolates were selected for sequencing. The sequences were used for phylogenetic analysis by MEGA 5. 05 software. From the 20th week of 2009 to the 52nd week of 2011, 17 773 specimens were tested. 3 831 specimens were influenza-positive with a positive rate of 21. 6%, of which 1 794 were positive specimens of pandemic (H1N1) 2009, accounting for 46. 8%00 of the influenza-positives. There were 2 epidemic peaks of pandemic (H1N1) 2009, which were in the 41st-53rd week of 2009 and the 1st-12nd week of 2011, respectively. The HA genes of 23 strains that were selected for sequencing had close relationship; the distribution of strains in the phylogenetic tree was basically in chronological order. The complete genome sequence analysis showed that all of 8 gene segments of 7 strains were homologous to the vaccine strain, and there was no gene reassortment. The HA amino acid sites of the 23 strains were highly similar to the vaccine strain (98. 2% - 100. 0% in homology), but all 23 strains had P83S, S203T and 1321V mutations. The 222 site mutation that may lead to enhanced virulence was found in the A/Hunan/YQ30/2009 strain. The mutation was D222E. There was no oseltamivir resistance mutation found in all strains. The pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in Hunan province from 2009 to 2011 had a bimodal distribution. There was no large-scale variation of virus genes. The clinical use of oseltamivir was still effective. Key words: Pandemic (H1N1) 2009; Surveillance; Genetic characteristics

Analysis of genetic features of influenza B virus in Hunan province from 2007 to 2010 / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the gene variations of influenza B virus isolated in Hunan province from 2007 to 2010.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 42 strains of influenza B virus,which were isolated in the Influenza Surveillance Network Laboratories in Hunan province between year 2007 and 2010, were selected for the study. The hemagglutinin 1 (HA1) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of the selected strains were amplified by RT-PCR, and the sequence of the purified product were detected and homologically compared with the sequence of influenza vaccine strains isolated from Northern Hemisphere by WHO during the same period. In addition, the phylogenetic trees were constructed to characterize the molecular features.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the Victoria branch of the HA1 gene phylogenetic tree, the strains isolated from year 2007 to 2009 were included in the V1 sub-branch, as well as the vaccine strain Malaysia/2506/2004; the strains isolated in year 2010 were involved in the V2 sub-branch, similar to the vaccine strains Brisbane/60/2008. In the Yamagata branch,the strains isolated in year 2007 were in the Y1 sub-branch,different from the strains isolated between year 2008 and 2010, which were in the Y2 sub-branch, instead. All virus in NA gene phylogenetic tree were included in the Yamagata branch, indicated their Yamagata origin. The genetic sequence analysis of the 7 strains isolated in year 2010 revealed that the viruses were classified as genotype 2 and genotype 15. The results of homological comparison between HA1 molecule and the influenza vaccine strains recommended by WHO were as below: Victoria lineage, 98.6% - 99.1% in 2007, 98.6% - 99.1% in 2008, 98.1% - 99.1% in 2009, and 97.6% - 99.1% in 2010; and Yamagata lineage, 97.9% - 98.5% in 2007, 97.9% - 98.5% in 2009 and 97.9% - 98.2% in 2010. The major mutations of the strains isolated in year 2007 were found in sites R48K, K88R, P108A, D197N and S230G. While the major mutations of the strains isolated between year 2009 and 2010 were sited in K88R, S150I, N166Y, D197N and S230G.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevalent influenza B virus isolated in Hunan province from 2007 to 2010 has mutated and evolved continuously.</p>

Serological survey of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection among population in Hunan Province / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the infection condition and analytical methods of Influenza A (H1N1) virus in the population of Hunan Province during different periods.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Quick surveys on the positive rate of Influenza A (H1N1) virus hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test have been conducted for 5 times successively from November 2009 to March 2010 in 14 medical and health institutions of Changsha city, whose results were then compared with those from the sampling surveys of whole Hunan province.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>2131 subjects were involved in this study; the total population standardized rates of antibody positive investigated for 5 times were 9.32% , 14.62%, 31.08%, 28.43% and 22.80% respectively; the population of 6-17-years-old has the highest rate of antibody positive; only 9.84% of the antibody positive subjects attributed to vaccine inoculation; there was no significant difference in the standardized positive rates between the quick serological surveys and the corresponding sampling survey of Hunan province (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The positive rate of A (H1N1) virus antibody reached the peak in late January 2010; quick investigations in small region could be used to evaluate the infection prevalence during pandemic of infectious diseases.</p>

Comparison of two kinds of procedures used in the removal of horizontal impacted mandibular third molars / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the effect of lingual split bone technique and high speed turbine bodkin boneless technique in the removal of horizontal impacted mandibular third molars.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>150 horizontal impacted mandibular third molars were randomly divided into two groups, 75 teeth in each group. One group received lingual split bone technique, while the other group received high speed turbine bodkin boneless technique. Both the operation time and operation complication were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operating time with lingual split bone technique and high speed turbine bodkin boneless technique were (35.85 +/- 6.05) min and (43.52 +/- 7.70) min (P < 0.05), respectively. There was significant difference of intraoperative fracture lingual film removal and facial swelling between lingual split bone technique and high speed turbine bodkin boneless technique (P < 0.05). While there was no significant difference of gingival laceration, postoperative pain, restriction of mouth opening and postoperative bleed between lingual split bone technique and high speed turbine bodkin boneless technique (P > 0.05). There was no lingual nerve injury or numbness of lower lip occurred in two kinds of procedures. Dry socket occurred in a case of high speed turbine bodkin boneless technique.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Lingual split bone technique is better in the removal of horizontal impacted mandibular third molars. It could shorten operation time and reduce the intraoperative and postoperative complications.</p>

The correlation between polymorphism at position -511C/T in the promoter region of interleukin 1B and the severity of coronary heart disease / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation between polymorphism at position -511C/T in the promoter region of interleukin 1B (IL1B) and the severity of coronary heart disease (CHD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was applied to analyze the polymorphisms of IL1B -511C/T in 127 patients with CHD and 152 controls. And the serum level of lipoproteins was detected by enzymology method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The distribution of IL1B -511C/T polymorphism between acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients and controls was significantly different (chi-square test=5.72, P<0.01). CT and TT genotype carriers were in increased risk of ACS with more double ratio to CC genotype (OR=2.56, 95%CI=1.17-5.59). In CHD group, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels of patients with CT and TT genotypes (6.09+/-0.97 mmol/L and 3.97+/-0.92 mmol/L) were significantly higher than those of patients with CC genotype (5.12+/-0.56 mmol/L and 2.87+/-0.71 mmol/L, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The polymorphism at position -511C/T in IL1B is associated with the severity of CHD, and the DNA variation at this position may affect the secretion of IL1B, and aggravate the reaction of inflammation and dyslipoidemia.</p>

Study on the correlation between coronary heart disease and chronic periodontitis / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the correlation between angiographically-defined coronary heart disease (CHD) and chronic periodontitis (CP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>277 cases with CHD (case group) and another 238 with no agiographic evidence of CHD (control group) were compared on their traditional cardiovascular risk factors, as: oral health status and probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival recession, as well as number of missing teeth. Other related risk factors of CHD were included in a stepwise logistic regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Data from univariate analysis showed that there was significant difference in CP, plasma triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fast glucose, white blood count, hypertension and smoking between patients with CHD and those with out CHD (P < 0.01 - 0.001). Multiple factorial logistic regression analysis showed that CP, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, HDL-C were strongly correlated with the incidence of CHD. Significant dosage-effective response was also found in the relationship between CP and CHD (P < 0.001). Further studies also suggested that the severity of CP paralleled the severity of CHD.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results indicated that CP might serve as an independent risk factor of CHD and significantly enhance the risk and severity of CHD. Our study suggested that the elimination of probable risk factors in oral cavity was indispensable during the process of the prevention of CHD in order to prevent acute coronary events.</p>